Rhododendron

Vegetation of Nagaland

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Vegetation of Nagaland

  • The Vegetation of Nagaland represents the transition zone between the Indian, Indo-Malayan, Indo-Chinese bio-geographic region as well as a meeting place of Himalayan Mountains with that of Peninsular India and therefore acts as a bio-geographic gateway.
  • Many ancient angiosperms and primitive flowering plants are found here and therefore this area is considered as a cradle of flowering plants.
  • Several groups of plants of Orchids, Rhododendrons, Ferns, Bamboos, Zingibers and Lichens have expressed their maximum diversity in this State.
  • The State is also considered as one of the centers of origin of rice and secondary origin of citrus, chilly and maize.
  • The State is also known to have a great treasure of medicinal plants, orchids, bamboos, canes, bryophytes and animal diversity.
  • Forest resource has been playing an integral role in the lives of Naga people since distant past.
  • Although Nagaland forest constitutes only 1.70% of total India’s forest, it is among the few proud states in India where virgin forest can still be found.
  • It harbours very rich and unique biodiversity with the state being a part of the Indo -Burma biodiversity hot spot.
  • Unfortunately, according to Forest Survey of India report-2013, Nagaland has been ranked first with respect to highest decrease of forest cover in India.
  • Nagaland is very rich in bio-diversity, both flora and fauna. Even today some pockets of forests are covered with gigantic trees, where sun- rays can not penetrate.
  • Due to reckless and uncontrolled cutting of trees for timber, firewood, continued Jhum cultivation and annual fire in vast tracts of land, forests got degraded and barren, which accelerated diminishing of the most of the original characteristics of the forests of Vegetation of Nagaland.
  • This calls for an urgent action to prevent further degradation of forest resource and to inculcate sustainable life style among the people.
  • According to the report, the main reason for decrease in forest cover in the state is biotic pressure, particularly the shortening of shifting cultivation cycle.
  • Nagaland state is endowed with rich biodiversity. Its beautiful landscape has luxuriant forest vegetation with high density of flora, plentiful number of species. Hence considered as one of the floristic hotspot in India.
  • It lies between 25° 6´ and 27°4´ N of latitude, 93°20´ E and 95°15´ E longitude which is generally a sub-tropical climatic zone
  • The state has a total land area of 16, 57,583 hectares; out of which forest occupy an area approximately 8, 62,930 hectares.
  • Beautiful suitable environmental conditions coupled with varying physiographical features favours the natural habitat for a large number of orchid species.
  • Of the many species of flora, family orchidaceae represents the most distinguished and diverse flowering plants of the state adding another status to the natural beauty

FOREST CLASSIFICATION

  • Nagaland has several types of forests, mainly because the state is mostly tropical, and the altitudes range from a few hundred meters to about four thousand meters.
  • The major types of forests found in the state, as per the classification of Champion & Seth, are as follows.

Northern Tropical Wet Evergreen Forest

  • These forests once covered the Namsa-Tizit area but now only a small vistge is found in th Zankam area.
  • It is found only in Mon District.
  • The dominanat species in this type of forest are Hollong (Dipterocarpus macrocarpus), Makai (Shorea assamica), Nahor (Mesua ferrea) etc.

Northern Tropical Semi Evergreen Forest

  • These types of forests are found in the foothills of Assam-Nagaland border in Mokokchung, Wokha and Kohima Districts.
  • The species that make up this forest are similar to those of the Northern Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests.
  • The only difference is that in the former case the evergreen species dominate though there are deciduous species like Bhelu (Tetrameles nudiflora), Paroli (Stereospermum chelonoides), Jutuli (Altingia excels) etc, whereas in the present case, the number of evergreen species decreases and the deciduous species are more in number.

Northern Sub-Tropical Broad Leave Wet Hill Forests

  • These types of forests are found in the hill areas below 1800m and above 500m in all the districts of Nagaland.
  • The wet evergreen species are conspicuous by their absence and the dominant species are mostly semi-deciduous.
  • Some of the important timber species in this type are Koroi, Pomas, Sopas, Gamari, Hollock, Sam, Am, Badam, Betula etc.

Northern Sub-Tropical Pine Forest

  • These types of forests are found in hills with evalution of 1000m to 1500m in parts of Phek and Tuensang Districts of Nagaland.
  • Pine is the dominant species, and is found mixed with Quercus, Schima, Prunus, Betula and Rhododendron.

Northern Montana Wet Temperate Forests

  • These types of forests are found on the higher reaches of the tallest mountains (above 2500m) like Saramati and Dzükou area.
  • The species that dominate are Rhododendron, Oaks, Birch and Juniperus sp.

Alpine Forests

  • Alpine vegetation is found at high altitudes in ridges of Saramati range, which remains covered with snow for major part of the year from October to April.
  • After melting of the snow during the brief summer a few annuals, herbs and shrubs along with mosses can be seen growing there.
  • Species of Rhododendron, Abies, and Juniperus are found in sub alpine vegetation gradually merges into alpine vegetation which comprises of high altitude grasses and dwarf Rhododendrons.
  • Many members of Primulaceae, Saxifragaceae, and Polygonaceae families are also found.

Biodiversity hotspot of Vegetation of Nagaland:

  • Biodiversity hot-spot areas identified in the State are Saramati, Helipong, Tizit Valley, Longkhum, Meinkong, Changikong, Mount Tiyi, Baghty Valley, Japfu, Shilloi Lake, Dzulekie, Janglangshu & Manaksha area, Akhunato area, Mount Pauna Range, Mount Kissa Range, Intangki NP, Fakim WLS and Singphan Wildlife Sanctuary.

Bamboo resources in the Vegetation of Nagaland:

  • Bamboo is found extensively all over the State as a predominant plant in the foothill regions of Peren, Dimapur, Wokha, Mon and Mokokchung districts.
  • It also occurs mixed with other forest species in other districts of the State.
  • The State’s bamboo resource accounts for 5% of the national bamboo resource which amounts to 0.0448 million hectares or 4,48,000 hectares.
  • So far 46 species of bamboos have been reported from the State.
  • The predominant species found are Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Bambusa tulda, Bambusa pallida, Schizostychum dullooa.
  • With the revival of Tuli Paper Mill and promotion of other bamboo enterprises the resource requirement of the State is estimated at 5 lakh MT per annum.

Forest Cover Map of Nagaland

Vegetation of Nagaland

 

 

 

NAGALAND TRADE AND COMMERCE

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NAGALAND TRADE AND COMMERCE

Nagaland is one among the north-eastern states in India. It’s deckled on its west and north by Assam, on its east by Myanmar (formerly called Burma), on its north by Arunachal Pradesh, and on its south by Manipur.

Nagaland is one among India’s smallest states, with a complete area of 16,579 sq kilometres. The Naga Hills run through this tiny state that has Saramati as its highest peak at a height of concerning 12,600 ft. Dhansiri, Doyang, Dikhu and Jhanji are the rivers that flow through this state. The piece of land is mountainous, thickly wooded, and cut by deep river valleys. There’s a good variety of plant and animal life. Nagaland features a monsoon climate with usually high humidity; rain averages between 1800 to 2500 millimeter (70 to 100 inches) a year.

Nagaland features a single-chamber legislative assembly with sixty seats. The state sends 2 members to the Indian Parliament: one to the Rajya Sabha (Upper House) and one to the Lok Sabha (Lower House). There are seven government body districts – Mokokchung, Tuensang, Mon, Wokha, Zunheboto, Phek and Kohima.

The state is found between the 93°20′ E and 95°15′ E Longitudes and 25°6′ and 27°4′ N Latitudes. The whole area lined by the state is 16,579 sq. kilometer. Nagaland was declared the sixteenth state of the country of India on 1 December 1963. Before this, Nagaland accustomed is a union territory. The opposite attention-grabbing data about Nagaland is that it homes as several as sixteen totally different ethnic groups. These groups of individuals have their own separate cultural identities that embrace customs, dresses and languages. Nearly 90th of the population of Nagaland is devout Christians. The state conjointly features a substantial Hindu people. Kohima, the capital city of the state, features a range of sites that should be visited by the tourists because it can facilitate them in obtaining an insight of the wealthy history place. The name ‘Kohima’ has been derived from the name of a plant known as ‘Kew Hi’ that thrives within the mountainous region. Kohima is a fascinating place, blessed with lots of natural beauty.

Nagaland has created tremendous progress throughout the last forty seven years of its Statehood. Our acquirement level, nowadays standing above 70th, is above the Indian national average. Our growth in agriculture sector, particularly within the previous few years, has even stunned us. a fast inspect the gross domestic product of the State show that the State’s economy has been registered a healthy growth of regarding 15 August 1945. Such tremendous growth in agriculture sector needs corresponding entrepreneurial intervention to require advantage of the potentials, and switch them into economic opportunities.

Nagaland may be a veritable botanical garden. Nagaland already has 3 entries within the Guinness Book of World records, namely, the hottest chilly, the tallest rice plant, and also the tallest rhododendron tree.

There are tremendous will increase in different farming product, that ar essentially organic and chemical free. Horticulture is another rising commercial enterprise within the State. Our flower production has crossed 1.6 million stems of prime quality flowers like anthurium, rose and lilium. Higher production levels are simply possible.

Our wealthy natural resource still lies mostly untapped. The exploration and exploitation of oil have simply begun. However, the mountains of chemical grade sedimentary rock, the large reserves of coal, marble and ornamental stones, beside the magnetite of nickel-cobalt-chromium, are nevertheless to search out takers for his or her business exploitation.

Nagaland conjointly includes a big selection of assorted species of bees like rock bees, Apis cerena bees and also the Trigona/Melipona (Stingless) bees that are found each within the wild similarly as reared in homestead hives. The govt. has established the Nagaland beekeeping and Honey Mission with the main focus of drawing up a roadmap for promotion and development of honey. The government set targets of achieving honey production of 5000 MT by 2020.

Nagaland is wealthy in forest produces like timber, cane and bamboo. most the vacant fallow lands are being quickly lined with numerous high price timber varieties because the individuals have totally realised the business and ecological importance of forests. Nagaland has been a significant exporter of round logs, veneers, plywood and sawn timber to the remainder of the country. Bamboo is another of Nagaland’s wealthy resource. numerous technologies for wood substitution within the kinds of construction, bamboo charcoal and different composite materials and product are being developed. nice opportunities ar rising during this sector, particularly within the scenery of world warming and global climate change. Our target for bamboo cultivation is 50,000 hectares within the next 5 years. The wide scale tree plantation, speedy renewal and in depth bamboo cultivation conjointly unveil another scope for Industrial homes to appear into tangible Carbon trading opportunities.

Nagaland is tailor created for tourism. The scenic fantastic thing about the abundant hills, choked with exotic flora and fauna, the picturesque landscapes and also the vibrant tribal culture makes for breathless experiences. There are immense potentials for eco-tourism, journey business enterprise, cultural business enterprise, as conjointly the scope for fitting of Hotels, Resorts, Air Taxi Service, tour operations and so on. The govt. of India’s call to remove the “Protected space Permit” system for Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram early this year can surely offer a much-needed impetus to the tourism industry.

Traditional crafts of Nagaland are distinctive in style reflective the Naga people’s love of art and craft and have widespread attractiveness and demand within the domestic similarly as offshore markets. There’s substantial scope for growth during this sector.

Poor infrastructure, subsistence economy, social turmoil, insurgency and a setting of concern mental disease had engulfed our individuals for many decades. Despite these constraints, our youth have stood out as shining samples of success whenever windows of chance are opened to them. With the quick spreading telecommunication network and data superhighway erasing most physical boundaries, and extremely literate youth with a progressive outlook, fluent in English and IT savvy, Nagaland has abundant to supply.

The state has considerable resources of natural minerals, oil and hydropower. it’s untapped reserves of around 600 million metric tonnes (MT) of petroleum and more than 20 MT of hydrocarbon. Moreover, the state has 315 MT of coal reserves and 1,038 MT of limestone reserves. Nagaland’s calculable hydropower generation potential is one, 574 megawatt (MW), whereas the state includes a total put in power generation capability of 140 MW.

The agro-climatic conditions in Nagaland offer industrial opportunities for flower gardening and horticulture. The state has 650 native species of meditative and aromatic plants. The state is calculable to possess the potential to supply 15,000 MT of honey and 100 MT of wax, that along might generate around US$ 100 million annually. Moreover, the production of honey throughout 2015-16 was recorded to be 0.43 thousand tonnes.

Bamboo is found extensively in Nagaland, with bamboo growing stock covering nearly 5 per cent of the entire stock within the country. Throughout 2015-16, production of raw silk within the state of Nagaland stood at around 631 MT. Moreover, from April-August, 2016, the raw silk production within the state was 218 MT. The state aims to extend its silk production to 1,700 MT, over the 12th Five-Year arrange amount.

The gross state domestic product (GSDP) of Nagaland was concerning US$ 3.47 billion in 2015-16, increasing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 9.33 per cent between 2004-05 and 2015-16. Agriculture and allied sector contribution to the economic output stood at 20 per cent and expected to achieve 28 per cent by 2025. About seventy one per cent of the state’s population is engaged in farming.

The state provides institutional support through numerous central and regime agencies viz., North East Council, Ministry of Development of North eastern Region and Nagaland Industrial Development Council.

The state offers wonderful policy and monetary incentives for agro-based and forest-based industries, husbandry, food process, mining, tourism, and also the handlooms and handicrafts sectors. Industrial centres and special economic zones (SEZs) are being developed to reinforce the marketability of product.

According to the DIPP, cumulative FDI inflows to the North-eastern states, throughout April 2000 to March 2016, stood at US$ 94 million.